ByteDance Ltd.’s billionaire founder Zhang Yiming has stepped down as chairman, months after resigning as chief executive officer of the TikTok owner that’s seeking to reposition itself amid China’s crackdown on its internet industry.
New CEO Liang Rubo has replaced Zhang on the five-member board that also includes representatives from investors Susquehanna International Group and Sequoia Capital China, according to a person familiar with the matter. Zhang, 38, will still be involved in formulating the Chinese tech firm’s longer-term strategy, the person said, asking to not be identified discussing private matters.
Representatives with ByteDance and TikTok declined to comment.
The world’s most valuable startup is making a bigger push into enterprise software after Beijing’s yearlong crackdown on the consumer internet and this week announced it was restructuring into six business units. Shouzi Chew has stepped down as chief financial officer of the social media giant to focus on running its hit global product TikTok, as part of the reorganization, ByteDance told employees in a Tuesday memo.
| ByteDance business units | Function | Key products |
| Douyin | China content platforms | Douyin, Toutiao, Xigua, search |
| Dali Education | Edutech services and hardware | Career training, AI classes |
| Lark | Office collaboration | Lark, online docs, video conferencing |
| BytePlus | Cloud infrastructure | Enterprise software |
| Nuverse | Game creation and publishing | One Piece Fighting Path |
| TikTok | Global content platforms | TikTok, global e-commerce |
ByteDance had kicked off initial preparations for public listing of its domestic assets, Bloomberg News reported in April. Since then, regulatory changes in China meant Zhang’s company has had to proceed cautiously, even before the initial public offering of Didi Global Inc. in New York sparked a backlash in Beijing. ByteDance has repeatedly said it’s not ready for an IPO.
ByteDance became the first Chinese internet firm to achieve global success with TikTok, the short video platform that counts more than 1 billion monthly users worldwide. It was valued at $140 billion in a 2020 fundraising round and then surged to as much as $500 billion before declining from that peak, Bloomberg News has reported.
That success, alongside with domestic hits like TikTok peer Douyin and news aggregator Toutiao, has however made the Beijing-based company a target both at home and in the U.S., where it narrowly escaped a ban and forced sale of the global app under the Trump administration.
In China, ByteDance has come under fire from regulators seeking to rein in its once-freewheeling internet industry. While ByteDance isn’t the target of any official probe — unlike peers Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. and Meituan — the startup was among more than two dozen firms ordered by the tech industry ministry to carry out internal inspections and root out illegal online activity earlier this year. Its fintech arm has also been slapped with wide-ranging restrictions akin to the ones imposed on Ant Group Co.
Beijing’s sweeping controls over online content will likely hit ByteDance even harder. Regulators have slowed approvals for new video games to enforce stricter criteria around content and protection for children, threatening ByteDance’s emergent gaming business, while Xi Jinping’s government has also issued a stern warning on online content that doesn’t conform with “civilized,” Marxist norms. The company was forced to lay off at least hundreds of employees this year, after Beijing introduced its harshest-ever curbs on the after-school tutoring industry, Bloomberg News has reported.
Meanwhile, Beijing has put in place new rules around data security, including a requirement that companies with more than 1 million users need explicit government approval before going public. Companies like ByteDance and Didi would need to reassure regulators that user data would not be compromised.
The board change, first reported by Chinese tech outlet Late Post, marks a further retreat by Zhang, who has an estimated fortune of $44.5 billion, from the app factory that he created nearly a decade ago. Faced with the rapid expansion of TikTok as well as the hyper-scale growth and fast-evolving regulatory environment at home, the tycoon had already been delegating responsibility to trusted aides for months.
In 2020, he appointed two executives to run ByteDance’s Chinese operations while hiring Chew to oversee TikTok. According to his May memo announcing the CEO change, Zhang said he had begun discussions to install Liang as his successor in March. He told employees that the day-to-day responsibilities of being at the helm meant he hadn’t achieved as much as he had hoped to in areas like strategic opportunities and social responsibility.
Other tech founders in China have also retreated from their creations in recent months. Kuaishou Technology founder Su Hua said last week he will cede the CEO role to fellow co-founder Cheng Yixiao, while JD.com Inc. in September named a new president, saying that Chairman Richard Liu will concentrate on long-term strategies. Pinduoduo Inc.’s Colin Huang also gave up both CEO and chairman titles at his e-commerce firm.
