JOHANNESBURG – S&P Global Ratings downgraded South African local currency debt to “junk” territory on Friday, citing a further deterioration in the country’s economic outlook and public finances, sending the rand tumbling.
But Moody’s decision to only place South Africa on review for a downgrade may have prevented a larger sell-off in the currency.
Moody’s rates the country’s foreign and local currency debt on their lowest investment grade rung of Baa3.
The downgrade by S&P comes after Finance Minister Malusi Gigaba shocked markets on 25 October by flagging sharply weaker growth expectations, a wider budget deficit and rising government debt.
Infighting within the ruling African National Congress ahead of a conference in December to elect a successor to President Jacob Zuma as party chief has also sapped investor confidence in Africa’s most industrialised economy where growth has slowed to a near standstill in recent years.
“Weak GDP growth has led to further deterioration of South Africa’s public finances beyond our previous expectations,” S&P said in a statement.
“We expect that offsetting fiscal measures will be proposed in the forthcoming 2018 budget in February next year, but these may be insufficient to stabilize public finances in the near term, contrary to our previous expectations.”
S&P lowered the long-term local currency sovereign credit rating to ‘BB+’ from ‘BBB-‘, and also cut the long-term foreign currency rating deeper into sub-investment grade territory, lowering it to ‘BB’ from ‘BB+’.
S&P raised the outlook on both the foreign currency and local currency ratings to stable from negative.
Standard Chartered Bank’s Chief Africa Economist Razia Khan said South Africa now has to show concrete signs of reform.
“Granted, it’s not as bad as a downgrade from both rating agencies might have been, but it is not much better either,” Khan said. “The ZAR (rand) will be impacted by the uncertainty.”
The rand ZAR=D3 weakened 2% against the dollar after S&P’s announcement, moving from 13.9000/dollar to a session low of 14.1675.
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Local currency borrowing makes up about 90% of the South Africa’s total R2.2 trillion ($159 billion) of debt.
A cut to “junk” on the local currency debt by both S&P and Moody’s could have seen South African debt lose its place in the Citi’s World Government Bond Index (WGBI), the biggest of the global benchmarks and tracked by about $2-3 trillion of funds.
That could have forced index-tracking and rating-constrained funds to sell more than $10 billion in debt, analysts have predicted.
“Investors from here will begin to treat South Africa as good as out of the Citi WGBI with commensurate outflows. But, given insatiable demand for emerging market debt, there could be a natural underpin for even South African debt,” said Lesiba Mothata, chief economist at Alexander Forbes.
S&P decision will see South Africa excluded from the Barclays Global Aggregate index, whose inclusion criteria requires investment grade rating on its local currency debt from any two ratings agencies.
Fitch already rates South African debt as “junk”, and affirmed the rating on Thursday.
South African debt has already been dropped from one the widely used global bond indexes, the JPMorgan Emerging Market Bond Index Global.
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